李培玉,王美琪,宋志东,胡顺鑫,刘财礼,李璐,刘经未,陆国峰

• 1:山东省海洋资源与环境研究院
• 2:上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究饲料牛磺酸添加水平对刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）生长、体组成、抗氧化能力以及消化代谢的影响，以探究幼刺参的牛磺酸合成能力及对牛磺酸的需求量。【方法】选用初始体质量为（11.40±0.04）g的刺参为研究对象，在基础饲料中分别添加0（对照）、0.30%、0.60%、0.90%、1.20%和1.50%的包被牛磺酸以及0.60%半胱氨酸和0.60%磺基丙氨酸（均以质量分数计，下同），形成8组等氮等脂的实验饲料，在养殖桶（400 L）内进行喂养实验。每种饲料投喂3桶幼参（每桶30头），日投喂1次，实验周期56 d，测定刺参生长性能、抗氧化、代谢酶活性指标。【结果】添加0.30%～1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了幼参末质量、增重率和特定生长率（P <0.05），而添加0.60%～1.50%的牛磺酸显著提高了刺参的粪便产生率（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，饲料中添加0.60%～1.20%牛磺酸显著提高了全参粗蛋白含量，添加1.20%和1.50%牛磺酸显著提高全参灰分含量（P <0.05）。随饲料中牛磺酸添加量的梯度升高，全参苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸以及半胱氨酸等氨基酸含量呈现上升趋势而组氨酸含量则呈现下降趋势，亮氨酸则呈现先上升后降低的趋势，添加量0.90%时平均值最高，显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，添加0.60%～1.50%牛磺酸显著提高体壁和呼吸树中牛磺酸含量，添加0.30%～1.50%牛磺酸显著提高肠道牛磺酸（P <0.05）。磺基丙氨酸添加组肠道牛磺酸含量显著高于对照组，但是显著低于1.20%～1.50%牛磺酸添加组（P <0.05）。随饲料中牛磺酸添加量升高，刺参肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶和丙酮酸激酶等活性呈先升高后下降趋势，且均在0.90%牛磺酸添加组达到最大值；所有牛磺酸添加组刺参肠道的葡萄糖激酶、碱性磷酸酶等酶活性均高于对照组（P <0.05）。半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶和半胱氨酸双加氧酶活性呈逐渐下降的趋势，且饲料中添加0.60%～1.50%牛磺酸显著降低了肠道半胱亚磺酸脱羧酶活性（P <0.05）。肠道过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性随牛磺酸添加量的增加均呈先升高后下降的趋势，分别在0.90%和1.20%牛磺酸添加量时达到最大值，肠道丙二醛含量变化则呈现相反趋势，0.90%～1.50%牛磺酸添加组刺参肠道丙二醛含量显著低于对照组（P <0.05）。【结论】以特定生长率、粪便产生率、呼吸树和肠道牛磺酸蓄积水平为评价指标经折线回归分析，并结合消化酶、抗氧化能力等指标，推导出刺参幼参对饲料中牛磺酸的最适需求量为0.47%～0.51%。

关键词(KeyWords)： 刺参;牛磺酸;生长;消化代谢;抗氧化

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 山东省重点研发计划（2020CXGC011404）;; 山东省现代农业产业技术体系刺参产业技术体系（SDAIT-22-06）

作者(Author): 李培玉,王美琪,宋志东,胡顺鑫,刘财礼,李璐,刘经未,陆国峰

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