基于最优尺度的渤海西部海岸带景观生态风险变化特征Characteristics of Landscape Ecological Risk Changes in the Western Coastal Zone of Bohai Based on Optimal Scale
宋洁,王晓利,侯西勇,张雪莹,高映旭
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】分析渤海西部海岸带景观生态风险的时空演变规律及空间自相关特征,为海岸带区域生态风险防控及生态安全维护提供参考。【方法】基于2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年的土地利用及覆被数据,采用粒度-指数响应曲线、精度损失评估和半方差函数等方法确定海岸带景观生态风险评估的最优尺度,构建景观生态风险指数模型,并结合空间自相关分析,揭示渤海西部海岸带景观生态风险的时空分异特征及演变趋势。【结果】渤海西部海岸带景观生态风险评估的最佳空间粒度和幅度分别为110 m和1 650 m。该海岸带主要景观类型为耕地、建设用地和浅海水域,20 a间,耕地、滨海湿地和浅海水域的面积分别减少1 206.07、1 068.86和1 021.07 km2,建设用地和人工湿地分别增加2 762.39、1 315.25 km2;景观生态高风险区的面积增加1 023.66 km2,较高风险区的面积减少1 802.30 km2,景观生态风险变化总体呈现由低风险向高风险链式转移趋势。渤海西部海岸带景观生态风险具有显著的空间自相关特征,风险水平高-高聚集区的景观类型多为人工湿地、滨海湿地及浅海水域,风险水平低-低聚集区则多为耕地、林地和草地等景观类型。【结论】2000—2020年,渤海西部海岸带景观生态高风险区呈增加趋势,浅海水域及湿地与陆地景观交界处的景观生态风险最为突出。建议进一步加强海岸带景观生态风险的监测与评估,采取气候变化应对以及陆海统筹规划等系列措施,以维护海岸带生态安全,促进区域可持续发展。
关键词(KeyWords): 海岸带;景观生态风险;最佳空间尺度;时空演变;空间自相关;渤海西部
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(41901133)
作者(Author): 宋洁,王晓利,侯西勇,张雪莹,高映旭
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