轻度酶解联合美拉德反应对即食草鱼风味及体外消化特性的影响Impact of Mild Enzymatic Hydrolysis Combined with the Maillard Reaction on the Flavor and In Vitro Digestive Characteristics of Ready-to-Eat Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
吴佳琪,梁佳敏,罗永康,谭雨青,洪惠
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】探讨经过轻度酶解联合美拉德反应后草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)鱼块风味及营养消化特性的变化规律,为改善即食淡水鱼休闲食品风味提供参考。【方法】选用不同风味蛋白酶添加量(0.8%、1.0%和1.2%,质量分数)和不同酶解时间(1.5 h和3.0 h)处理的草鱼鱼块进行烤制,对其感官品质、挥发性风味物质、色泽、体外消化率、消化产物的分子质量分布以及氨基酸组成进行评价,结合蛋白质组学中的生物信息学分析方法进行消化产物的肽段鉴定。【结果】酶处理组的整体感官评分显著高于未添加风味蛋白酶组(P <0.05),其中当添加质量分数1.0%的风味蛋白酶并酶解3.0 h时感官总分最高,为77.7。其次,相较于未添加风味蛋白酶组,酶处理组检测到更多对感官品质有积极影响的醛类、含硫化合物、呋喃和吡嗪等特征风味组分,其中当添加1.0%的风味蛋白酶并酶解3.0 h时挥发性风味物质种类可达27种。随着酶解反应的进行,鱼块在体外模拟消化过程中产生的分子质量小于0.5 ku的消化产物占比上升2.9%~6.9%。酶处理组谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。【结论】草鱼鱼块经轻度酶解后形成分子质量更小的氨基化合物,这些小分子与葡萄糖发生的美拉德反应更为剧烈,可改善鱼块的风味和消化特性。
关键词(KeyWords): 草鱼;轻度酶解;美拉德反应;风味改善;体外消化特性
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2100902)
作者(Author): 吴佳琪,梁佳敏,罗永康,谭雨青,洪惠
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