聚苯乙烯微塑料对球形棕囊藻生长的影响Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on Growth of Phaeocystis globosa
张荣灿,覃仙玲,李煜铭,陆家昌,雷富,庄军莲,赖俊翔,许铭本
摘要(Abstract)：
【目的】探究聚苯乙烯微塑料对球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）生长的影响，为微塑料和致灾赤潮藻复合污染的生态效应以及海洋生态系统保护研究提供科学依据。【方法】在以f/2培养基为培养介质、初始密度为2 000 mL-1的球形棕囊藻藻液中添加小粒径（直径0.1、1.0μm）及大粒径（直径10.0、100.0、1 000.0μm）聚苯乙烯微塑料，扩大培养30 d，分析不同粒径微塑料对球形棕囊藻单细胞密度、囊体数量、囊体直径以及囊体细胞密度的影响。【结果】微塑料对球形棕囊藻游离单细胞生长有明显的抑制作用（P <0.05）；大粒径微塑料的抑制作用较强，10.0μm组和1 000.0μm组的抑制率最高分别为99.3%及99.2%。微塑料可使实验组囊体数量显著低于对照组（P <0.05），大粒径微塑料对囊体数量的抑制率均在94.0%以上，并延缓囊体的形成时间。微塑料对球形棕囊藻囊体直径的增大有显著促进作用（P <0.05）；大粒径微塑料对囊体直径增长率最高分别达到2 633.4%(30 d)、2 515.1%(27 d)及1 868.2%(27 d)。微塑料对球形棕囊藻囊体细胞的生长有明显的促进作用（P <0.05），小粒径微塑料的促进作用明显大于大粒径微塑料，培养至30 d,0.1、1.0μm组囊体单细胞密度增长率已分别达到52 249.4%、47 666.3%。【结论】聚苯乙烯塑料微球可抑制球形棕囊藻游离单细胞的生长，延迟球形棕囊藻形成囊体的时间，减少囊体数量，增加囊体直径，增加囊体细胞密度。大粒径（10.0、100.0、1 000.0μm）微塑料对游离单细胞密度、囊体数量、囊体直径影响较大，而小粒径（0.1、1.0μm）微塑料则对囊体细胞的生长有更加明显的促进作用。
关键词(KeyWords)： 球形棕囊藻;生长;囊体;微塑料;聚苯乙烯
基金项目(Foundation): 广西自然科学基金（2017GXNSFAA198166）;; 中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（桂科ZY21195027）;; 广西科技重大专项（桂科AA17202020）;; 广西科学院基本科研业务费资助项目（2018YJJ902）
作者(Author): 张荣灿,覃仙玲,李煜铭,陆家昌,雷富,庄军莲,赖俊翔,许铭本
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