海水养殖废水净化处理技术研究进展Research Progress on Purification and Treatment Technology of Mariculture Wastewater
赵辉,卜伟雄,田凯,孙立伟
摘要(Abstract):
【目的】梳理海水养殖废水处理技术原理、净化效率及应用效果研究成果,并分析当前技术面临的挑战和发展方向,为海水养殖废水处理技术的发展提供参考。【方法】在回顾海水养殖废水传统处理技术的基础上,对近年来涌现的新技术进行系统梳理,依据技术原理差异,将海水养殖废水处理技术分为4种,分析各类技术的优缺点及应用。【结果】物理处理技术可有效去除固体颗粒和悬浮物,对溶解性污染物的去除效果较差;化学处理技术对重金属和有机污染物的净化效果显著,但成本高且可能有毒副作用;生物处理技术具有经济、无二次污染的优点,但受环境影响大和处理周期长,如植物处理和动物处理;综合处理技术则展现出高集成和高效净化的特点,但系统复杂、成本高和维护难度大,如生态化处理和工厂化处理。【结论】海水养殖废水处理技术正朝高效、环保、智能化方向发展,未来需加强新型高效材料的研发、微生物资源的开发与利用以及多技术集成与优化,以满足处理复杂废水的需求。
关键词(KeyWords): 海水养殖;环境污染;废水处理技术
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(42076162);; 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)创新群体项目(311020004);; 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2022A1515010590)
作者(Author): 赵辉,卜伟雄,田凯,孙立伟
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