李倩,李钰,符文雅,肖娟,黄海,郭志强

• 1:海南大学生命健康学院
• 2:南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室
• 3:海南大学食品科学与工程学院
• 4:热带海洋生物资源利用与保护教育部重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探究不同体质量的黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）红肌和白肌组织之间能量代谢的差异。【方法】测定黄鳍金枪鱼小鱼[（0.85±0.03）kg]、中鱼[（9.77±0.15）kg]和大鱼[（19.63±0.37）kg]红肌和白肌的糖原含量、无氧和有氧代谢关键酶活性及代谢相关基因表达量等指标。【结果】1）红肌糖原含量在大鱼组最高，小鱼组最低（P <0.05），白肌中鱼组的糖原含量最高，且不同体质量组红肌中糖原含量极显著高于白肌（P <0.01）。2）红肌和白肌大鱼组无氧代谢关键酶己糖激酶（HK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和磷酸果糖激酶（PFK）的活性显著高于其余两组（P <0.05），且大鱼组白肌中HK、PK、LDH和PFK活性均显著高于红肌（P <0.05）；有氧代谢关键酶柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活性在大鱼组显著高于其余两组（P <0.05），且红肌中CS、SDH活性在大鱼组显著高于白肌（P <0.05）。3）有氧和无氧代谢关键酶基因表达结果发现，红肌中hk、sdh和mdh基因表达量差异显著且在大鱼组表达量最高（P <0.05）,ldh和pk基因表达量无显著差异，cs和pfk基因的表达量在在中鱼组显著高于其余两组（P <0.05）；白肌中不同体质量组sdh和mdh基因表达量存在显著差异（P <0.05）,hk、pk和cs基因表达量在中鱼组显著高于其他组（P <0.05）,pfk基因表达量差异不显著，ldh基因表达量在大鱼组最高。大鱼组红肌cs和sdh基因表达量极显著高于白肌（P <0.01），白肌hk、pk和ldh基因表达量分别在中鱼组和大鱼组极显著高于红肌（P <0.01）。4）体质量是影响糖原含量和酶活性的主要因素。【结论】黄鳍金枪鱼红、白肌肉糖原含量，无氧和有氧代谢酶的活性和基因表达受鱼体质量影响。

关键词(KeyWords)： 黄鳍金枪鱼;体质量;能量代谢;基因表达;红肌;白肌

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 海南热带海洋学院/海南热带海洋学院崖州湾创新研究院开放课题（2022RHDKFKT03）

作者(Author): 李倩,李钰,符文雅,肖娟,黄海,郭志强

参考文献(References)：

• [1] ZHANG Y Q, MA X T, DAI Z Y. Comparison of nonvolatile and volatile compounds in raw, cooked, and canned yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacores)[J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2019,43(10):e14111.
• [2] GRAHAM J B, DICKSON K A. Tuna comparative physiology[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207(23):4015-4024.
• [3]黄雯晓,韦露,张鹏飞,等.金枪鱼心血管系统的特性与功能研究进展[J].海洋通报, 2023, 42(1):112-120.
• [4]符文雅,韦露,张鹏飞,等.金枪鱼鳃的形态结构与氧供给特征研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(5):884-893.
• [5] KATZ A. A century of exercise physiology:key concepts in regulation of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2022, 122(8):1751-1772.
• [6] FANG L, GUO X Z, LIANG X F. First feeding of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)with a high-carbohydrate diet:the effect on glucose metabolism in juveniles[J].Aquaculture Reports, 2021, 21:100830.
• [7] BERNAL D, DICKSON K A, SHADWICK R E, et al.Review:analysis of the evolutionary convergence for high performance swimming in lamnid sharks and tunas[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 2001, 129(2/3):695-726.
• [8] LAWRENCE DEKONING A B, PICARD D J, BOND S R,et al. Stress and interpopulation variation in glycolytic enzyme activity and expression in a teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus[J]. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2004,77(1):18-26.
• [9] SCHULTZ E T, CONOVER D O. The allometry of energy reserve depletion:test of a mechanism for size-dependent winter mortality[J]. Oecologia, 1999, 119(4):474-483.
• [10] CHUROVA M V, MESHCHERYAKOVA O V, VESELOV A E, et al. Activity of enzymes involved in the energy and carbohydrate metabolism and the level of some moleculargenetic characteristics in young salmons(Salmo salar L.)with different age and weight[J]. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology, 2015, 46(5):254-262.
• [11] VORNANEN M, ASIKAINEN J, HAVERINEN J. Body mass dependence of glycogen stores in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp(Carassius carassius L.)[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2011, 98(3):225-232.
• [12] EGAN B, ZIERATH J R. Exercise metabolism and the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation[J]. Cell Metabolism, 2013, 17(2):162-184.
• [13] FRONTERA W R, OCHALA J. Skeletal muscle:a brief review of structure and function[J]. Calcified Tissue International, 2015, 96(3):183-195.
• [14] COUGHLIN D J. Aerobic muscle function during steady swimming in fish[J]. Fish and Fisheries, 2002, 3(2):63-78.
• [15] SHIBATA M, MEKUCHI M, MORI K, et al. Transcriptomic features associated with energy production in the muscles of Pacific bluefin tuna and Pacific cod[J]. Bioscience,Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2016, 80(6):1114-1124.
• [16] GAO K L, WANG Z C, ZHOU X X, et al. Comparative transcriptome analysis of fast twitch muscle and slow twitch muscle in Takifugu rubripes[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D:Genomics and Proteomics, 2017, 24:79-88.
• [17] WU M P, CHANG N C, CHUNG C L, et al. Analysis of titin in red and white muscles:crucial role on muscle contractions using a fish model[J]. BioMed Research International, 2018, 2018:5816875.
• [18]周胜杰,于刚,马振华.黄鳍金枪鱼深水网箱养殖技术初探[J].科学养鱼, 2022(6):61-62.
• [19]黄雯晓,符文雅,潘帅,等.南海黄鳍金枪鱼性腺发育形态观察和组织学研究[J/OL].水产学杂志:1-10(2023-03-29)[2023-07-07]. http://kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/23.1363.S.20230328.1644.002.html.
• [20] DASHTY M. A quick look at biochemistry:carbohydrate metabolism[J]. Clinical Biochemistry, 2013, 46(15):1339-1352.
• [21] BAO T, HAN H, LI B, et al. The distinct transcriptomes of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles in Mongolian horses[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D:Genomics and proteomics, 2020, 33:100649.
• [22] ENES P, PANSERAT S, KAUSHIK S, et al. Nutritional regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in fish[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2009, 35(3):519-539.
• [23] SHAKUR AHAMMAD A K, ASADUZZAMAN M,ASAKAWA S, et al. Regulation of gene expression mediating indeterminate muscle growth in teleosts[J]. Mechanisms of Development, 2015, 137:53-65.
• [24] WU P, CHEN L, CHENG J, et al. The miRNA expression profile directly reflects the energy metabolic differences between slow and fast muscle with nutritional regulation of the Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 2021, 259:111003.
• [25] LEMOINE C M R, CRAIG P M, DHEKNEY K, et al.Temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression in skeletal muscles in response to swim training in adult zebrafish(Danio rerio)[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology B,2010, 180(1):151-160.
• [26] JENSEN T E, RICHTER E A. Regulation of glucose and glycogen metabolism during and after exercise[J]. The Journal of Physiology, 2012, 590(5):1069-1076.
• [27] BERMAN Y, NORTH K N. A gene for speed:the emerging role of alpha-actinin-3 in muscle metabolism[J].Physiology, 2010, 25(4):250-259.
• [28] DAVIES R, MOYES C D. Allometric scaling in centrarchid fish:origins of intra-and inter-specific variation in oxidative and glycolytic enzyme levels in muscle[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007, 210(21):3798-3804.
• [29] CHUROVA M V, MESHCHERYAKOVA O V, VESELOV A E, et al. Activity of metabolic enzymes and musclespecific gene expression in parr and smolts Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. of different age groups[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2017, 43(4):1117-1130.
• [30] MARTíNEZ M, DUTIL J D, GUDERLEY H. Longitudinal and allometric variation in indicators of muscle metabolic capacities in Atlantic cod(Gadus morrhua)[J]. The Journal of Experimental Zoology, 2000, 287(1):38-45.
• [31] MOYES C D, LEMOINE C M R. Control of muscle bioenergetic gene expression:implications for allometric scaling relationships of glycolytic and oxidative enzymes[J].Journal of Experimental Biology, 2005, 208(9):1601-1610.
• [32] REES B B, ANDACHT T, SKRIPNIKOVA E, et al. Population proteomics:quantitative variation within and among populations in cardiac protein expression[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2011, 28(3):1271-1279.
• [33] BURNESS G P, LEARY S C, HOCHACHKA P W, et al.Allometric scaling of RNA, DNA, and enzyme levels:an intraspecific study[J]. American Journal of PhysiologyRegulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1999,277(4):R1164-R1170.
• [34] GREENBAUM D, COLANGELO C, WILLIAMS K, et al.Comparing protein abundance and mRNA expression levels on a genomic scale[J]. Genome Biology, 2003, 4(9):117.
• [35] TORRES J J, GRIGSBY M D, CLARKE M E. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in oxygen minimum layer fishes:the role of alcohol dehydrogenase[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012, 215(11):1905-1914.
• [36] COUTURE P, DUTIL J D, GUDERLEY H. Biochemical correlates of growth and condition in juvenile Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)from Newfoundland[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1998, 55(7):1591-1598.
• [37] DICKSON K A, JOHNSON N M, DONLEY J M, et al.Ontogenetic changes in characteristics required for endothermy in juvenile black skipjack tuna(Euthynnus lineatus)[J].Journal of Experimental Biology, 2000, 203(20):3077-3087.
• [38] MALIK A, DICKSON K A, KITAGAWA T, et al. Scaling of locomotor muscle oxidative and glycolytic metabolic enzymes during the ontogeny of regional endothermy in Pacific bluefin tuna(Thunnus orientalis)[J]. Marine Biology, 2021, 168(8):130.
• [39] DALZIEL A C, MOORE S E, MOYES C D. Mitochondrial enzyme content in the muscles of high-performance fish:evolution and variation among fiber types[J]. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2005, 288(1):R163-R172.
• [40] MAHFOUZ M E, HEGAZI M M, EL-MAGD M A, et al.Metabolic and molecular responses in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticusduring short and prolonged hypoxia[J].Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 2015,48(5):319-340.