低鱼粉饲料添加丁酸梭菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth, Antioxidant Capacity and Non-specific Immunology of Litopenaeus vannamei Fed with Concentrated Cottonseed Protein Replacement of Fishmeal
李维康,李立贤,刘泓宇,谭北平,董晓慧,杨奇慧,迟淑艳,章双,谢瑞涛
摘要(Abstract):
目的】研究浓缩棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉饲料中添加丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、血清生化、抗氧化能力、免疫力和肠道消化能力的影响。【方法】取(0.87 ±0.06)g 的健康凡纳滨对虾,随机分为 6 组,分别投喂鱼粉组(PC)、替代组(NC,浓缩棉籽蛋白替代 30%鱼粉蛋白)、替代组基础上添加质量分数 0.03%(C1,3 × 10~8 cfu/kg)、0.12%(C2,1.2 × 10~(9)cfu/kg)、0.48%(C3,4.8 ×10~9 cfu/kg)和 1.92%(C4,1.92 × 10~(10) cfu/kg)丁酸梭菌的实验饲料 8 周,测定对虾生长性能、肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及非特异性免疫指标。【结果】PC 组和 C2 组对虾增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于 C4组(P < 0.05),饲料系数(FCR)显著低于 C4 组(P < 0.05)。PC 组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)显著高于 NC 组(P < 0.05),谷丙转氨酶(GPT)显著低于 NC 组(P < 0.05)。相比于 PC 组与 NC 组,各实验组血清 TG、T-CHO、LDL、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量均显著降低(P < 0.05),C2 组碱性磷酸酶(AKP)显著升高(P < 0.05),C3 组 ACP 显著升高(P < 0.05),C4 组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、溶菌酶(LMZ)、淀粉酶(AMS)、胰蛋白酶(TRY)和脂肪酶(LIP)显著升高(P < 0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷草转氨酶(GOT)显著降低(P < 0.05)。【结论】在本研究条件下,当浓缩棉籽蛋白替代 30%鱼粉蛋白时,饲料中添加丁酸梭菌可显著提高凡纳滨对虾抗氧化能力、肠道消化能力和非特异性免疫力。以 WGR 和 SGR 为判据,丁酸梭菌的最适添加量为1.2 × 10~(9)cfu/kg。
关键词(KeyWords): 浓缩棉籽蛋白;丁酸梭菌;凡纳滨对虾;生长;非特异性免疫;抗氧化能力
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0900200);; 国家自然科学基金(31772864);; 广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313154,2020A1515011129);; 科技厅企业特派员项目(GDKTP2020017800)
作者(Author): 李维康,李立贤,刘泓宇,谭北平,董晓慧,杨奇慧,迟淑艳,章双,谢瑞涛
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