卓宏标,郑秋耀,梁华芳,廖永岩,潘海洋,罗嘉俊,温崇庆

• 1:广东海洋大学水产学院
• 2:广西北部湾海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室北部湾大学

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)蜕壳周期内呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力的变化。【方法】选取蜕壳后期(A期和B期)、蜕壳间期(C期)和蜕壳前期(D_0,D_1,D_2,D_3期)的波纹龙虾测定耗氧率和排氨率,并测定血淋巴中的离子含量、总蛋白含量和血细胞数量及免疫酶活力。【结果】波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率从蜕壳后期到蜕壳间期均显著降低。耗氧率在D_0期显著上升,而排氨率在蜕壳前期逐渐减少,在D_3期达到最低水平。血清Ca~(2+)含量在D_1期最高,并显著高于A期(P <0.05)。K~+含量在D_1期则最低,在蜕壳周期中整体变化不显著(P> 0.05)。Mg~(2+)和无机磷(Phos)含量在蜕壳周期中也无显著变化(P> 0.05)。血淋巴总蛋白含量在蜕壳后大幅减少,至蜕壳间期又显著提升(P <0.05),但与蜕壳前期相比差异不显著(P> 0.05)。血细胞数量在D_2期最高,而B期最低,分别为4.22×10~7和2.40×10~7 mL~(-1)。酚氧化酶活力在蜕壳周期中呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而一氧化氮合酶活力在A期最低,在其他时期之间未发现显著性差异(P>0.05)。【结论】波纹龙虾的呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力与蜕壳周期密切相关。

关键词(KeyWords)： 波纹龙虾;蜕壳周期;呼吸排泄;血淋巴生化指标;免疫酶活力

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 广西北部湾海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室(钦州学院)开放课题(2015KB03);; 广东省科技厅农业攻关项目(2013B020308009);; 广东海洋大学校选项目(2016)

作者(Author): 卓宏标,郑秋耀,梁华芳,廖永岩,潘海洋,罗嘉俊,温崇庆

参考文献(References)：

• [1]王克行,吴琴瑟,纪成林,等.虾蟹类增养殖学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1997:28-30.
• [2] DRACH P. Mue et cycle d'intermue chez les Crustacés Décapodes[J]. Ann Inst Oceanogr Monaco, 1939, 19:103-391.
• [3] PRATOOMCHAT B, SAWANGWONG P, PAKKONG P,et al. Organic and inorganic compound variations in haemolymph, epidermal tissue and cuticle over the molt cycle in Scylla serrata(Decapoda)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2002, 131(2):243-255.
• [4] LIPCIUS R N, HERRNKIND W F. Molt cycle alterations in behavior, feeding and diel rhythms of a decapod crustacean, the spiny lobster Panulirus argus[J]. Marine Biology, 1982, 68(3):241-252.
• [5]李旭光,周刚,谷孝鸿.水生甲壳类蜕壳发生过程及其影响因素的研究与进展[J].动物学杂志, 2014, 49(2):294-302.
• [6]黄东科,梁华芳.盐度和体质量对波纹龙虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].广东海洋大学学报, 2012,32(4):8-11.
• [7]黄东科,梁华芳,张志,等.温度对波纹龙虾存活、摄食、蜕壳和生长的影响[J].生态学报, 2017,37(18):5973-5980.
• [8]黄东科,梁华芳,温崇庆,等.温度对波纹龙虾消化酶活力的影响[J].渔业现代化, 2017, 44(6):32-36.
• [9] RADHAKRISHNAN E V. Physiological and biochemical studies on the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus[D].Kochi:Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 1989.
• [10]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检验总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 17378. 7—2007海洋监测规范第4部分海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
• [11]蒋岳文,陈淑梅,马英.靛酚蓝分光光度法测定海水中氨氮最佳条件的选择[J].海洋环境科学, 1997(4):44-48.
• [12]杨景山.医学细胞化学与细胞生物技术[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社, 1990.
• [13]黄翔鹄,李长玲,刘楚吾.光镜及扫描电镜下波纹龙虾血淋巴细胞的形态及其分类[J].水产学报, 2004,28(6):645-650.
• [14]李贺水,曾勇,栾青.注射白斑综合征病毒对克氏原螯虾酚氧化酶活力的影响[J].淡水渔业, 2017, 47(2):30-35.
• [15] DAGG M J. Complete carbon and nitrogen budgets for the carnivorous amphipod, Calliopius laeviusculus(Kr?yer)[J]. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 1976, 61(3):297-357.
• [16]王吉桥,罗鸣,张德治,等.水温和盐度对南美白对虾幼虾能量收支的影响[J].水产学报, 2004,28(2):161-166.
• [17]邹李昶,任夙艺,王志铮,等.氨氮急性胁迫对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)死亡率、耗氧率及窒息点的影响[J].海洋与湖沼, 2015, 46(1):206-211.
• [18]王馨,王芳,路允良,等.光照强度对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢的影响[J].水产学报, 2014, 38(2):237-243.
• [19] CARVALHO P S M, PHAN V N. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion during the moulting cycle in the shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 1998, 119(3):839-844.
• [20] REGNAULT M. Ammonia excretion of the sand-shrimp Crangon crangon(L.)during the moult cycle[J]. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 1979, 133(3):199-204.
• [21]牛东红. VC和VE对日本沼虾蜕皮周期中呼吸代谢和抗氧化酶的影响[D].保定:河北大学, 2004.
• [22] STERN S, COHEN D. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion during the molt cycle of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii(De Man)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology, 1982, 73(3):417-419.
• [23] REGNAULT M. Nitrogen excretion in marine and fresh-water crustacea[J]. Biological Reviews, 1987,62(1):1-24.
• [24] UGLOW R F. Haemolymph protein concentrations in portunid crabs—II. The effects of imposed fasting on Carcinus maenas[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 1969, 31(6):959-967.
• [25] CHEN J C, CHIA P G. Oxyhemocyanin, protein,osmolality and electrolyte levels in the hemolymph of Scylla serrata in relation to size and molt cycle[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1997, 217(1):93-105.
• [26] WILDER M N, IKUTA K, ATMOMARSONO M, et al.Changes in osmotic and ionic concentrations in the hemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to varying salinities and correlation to ionic and crystalline composition of the cuticle[J]. Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology, 1998, 119(4):941-950.
• [27] PASSANO L M. Molting and its control[M]//WATERMAN T H, ed. The physiology of Crustacea, 1.New York:Academic Press, 1960:473-536.
• [28] MERCALDO-ALLEN R. Changes in the blood chemistry of the American lobster, Homarus americanus,H. Milne Edwards, 1837, over the molt cycle[J]. J Shellfish Res, 1991, 10(1):147-156.
• [29] ROER R, DILLAMAN R. The structure and calcification of the crustacean cuticle[J]. American Zoologist, 1984, 24(4):893-909.
• [30] GREENAWAY P. Calcium balance and moulting in the Crustacea[J]. Biological Reviews, 1985, 60(3):425-454.
• [31] VIJAYAN K K, DIWAN A D. Fluctuations in Ca, Mg and P levels in the hemolymph, muscle, midgut gland and exoskeleton during the moult cycle of the Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus(Decapoda:Penaeidae)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology, 1996, 114(1):91-97.
• [32]丁森.海水和淡水条件下不同蜕壳时期凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生理生态学的比较研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2010.
• [33] TSING A, ARCIER J, BREHéLIN M. Hemocytes of penaeid and palaemonid shrimps:morphology,cytochemistry, and hemograms[J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1989, 53(1):64-77.
• [34] TRUSCOTT R, WHITE K N. The influence of metal and temperature stress on the immune system of crabs[J].Functional Ecology, 1990, 4(3):455-461.
• [35] S?DERH?LL K, SMITH V J, JOHANSSON M W.Exocytosis and uptake of bacteria by isolated haemocyte populations of two crustaceans:evidence for cellular co-operation in the defence reactions of arthropods[J].Cell and Tissue Research, 1986, 245(1):43-49.
• [36] VERGHESE B, RADHAKRISHNAN E V, PADHI A.Effect of environmental parameters on immune response of the Indian spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus(Linnaeus,1758)[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology, 2007, 23(5):928-936.
• [37] GOMEZ-JIMENEZ S, UGLOW R F, GOLLAS-GALVAN T. The effects of cooling and emersion on total haemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus[J]. Fish&shellfish Immunology, 2000, 10(7):631-635.
• [38] STEVENSON J R, ADOMAKO T Y. Diphenol oxidase in the crayfish cuticle. Localization and changes in activity during the moulting cycle[J]. Journal of Insect Physiology, 1967, 13(12):1803-1811.
• [39] ASHIDA M, S?DERH?LL K. The prophenoloxidase activating system in crayfish[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry, 1984, 77(1):21-26.
• [40] LIU C, YEH S, CHENG S, et al. The immune response of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its susceptibility to Vibrio infection in relation with the moult cycle[J]. Fish&Shellfish Immunology, 2004,16(2):151-161.
• [41] LEE S G, MYKLES D L. Proteomics and signal transduction in the crustacean molting gland[J].Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2006, 46(6):965-977.
• [42] MCDONALD A A, CHANG E S, MYKLES D L.Cloning of a nitric oxide synthase from green shore crab,Carcinus maenas:A comparative study of the effects of eyestalk ablation on expression in the molting glands(Y-organs)of C. maenas, and blackback land crab,Gecarcinus lateralis[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2011, 158(1):150-162.
• [43] CHANG E S, MYKLES D L. Regulation of crustacean molting:a review and our perspectives[J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2011, 172(3):323-330.
• [44] CHANG E S, BRUCE M J. Ecdysteroid titers of juvenile lobsters following molt induction[J]. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 1980, 214(2):157-160.
• [45] CHAKRAVORTTY D, HENSEL M. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and control of intracellular bacterial pathogens[J]. Microbes and Infection, 2003, 5(7):621-627.
• [46]王广军,谢骏,余德光,等.一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶在水生动物免疫系统中的研究进展[J].水产科技,2009(3):1-6.