梁雪莹,郑晓婷,陈秋羽,谢静怡,董宏标,李勇,杨金龙,陈成勋,张家松

• 1:天津农学院/水产学院
• 2:中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室
• 3:上海海洋大学水产与生命学院
• 4:三亚热带水产研究院海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】为牛蛙（Aquarana catesbeiana）幼蛙健康运输以及运输胁迫后养殖恢复管理提供科学依据。【方法】采用体质量为（32.09±7.60）g、体长为（7.33±0.42）cm的牛蛙幼蛙，在4℃条件下模拟不同运输时长[0（对照组）、12和24 h]，研究运输胁迫及胁迫后养殖7 d对幼蛙存活率、生化指标及肝肠组织结构的影响。【结果】不同运输时长及运输后7 d的养殖对幼蛙存活率无显著影响（P> 0.05），存活率均为100%。模拟运输12 h后，幼蛙肠道脂肪酶活性和肝脏丙二醛含量显著高于对照组（P <0.05）。运输12 h和24 h后，幼蛙血清中尿素氮、葡萄糖及血氨浓度显著升高（P <0.05），而肝脏脂质积累减少；24 h运输后，幼蛙肌酐浓度显著降低（P <0.05）；肝糖原含量减少。模拟运输后养殖7 d，幼蛙肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于运输24 h组，肝脏总抗氧化能力和丙二醛浓度也显著升高（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，模拟运输后养殖7 d，幼蛙肠道淀粉酶、肝肠总抗氧化能力、肝脏过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶活性、肠道丙二醛含量显著升高（P <0.01），肠道过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低（P <0.01），血清葡萄糖浓度显著降低（P <0.01），血氨浓度显著升高（P <0.05），尿素氮浓度显著升高（P <0.01）。同时，肠道黏膜杯状细胞数逐渐增多，肝脏中脂质沉积明显增加。【结论】在4℃下24 h内，运输时长对牛蛙幼蛙存活率无影响，但延长运输时间会导致肝组织损伤。在此条件下，最佳运输时间建议不超过24 h。运输胁迫后养殖7 d，幼蛙通过自身调节可将部分肝脏结构恢复与运输前一致，肠道恢复则需更长时间。

关键词(KeyWords)： 牛蛙幼蛙;运输时间;存活率;血清生化指标;肝肠损伤

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 广东省重点领域研发计划项目（2021B0202030001）;; 广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目（2022KJ150）;; 广东省驻镇帮镇扶村科技特派员项目（KTP20210259）;; 广州市农村科技特派员项目（SL2022E04J00301）

作者(Author): 梁雪莹,郑晓婷,陈秋羽,谢静怡,董宏标,李勇,杨金龙,陈成勋,张家松

参考文献(References)：

• [1] SAMPAIO F D F, FREIRE C A. An overview of stress physiology of fish transport:changes in water quality as a function of transport duration[J]. Fish and Fisheries, 2016,17(4):1055-1072.
• [2]冯兴浪,李军华,刘小燕.产值规模冲刺千亿!关于牛蛙的繁育，掌握这几点事半功倍[J].当代水产, 2023, 48(2):73-76.
• [3] WANG Q C, YE W, TAO Y F, et al. Transport stress induces oxidative stress and immune response in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides):analysis of oxidative and immunological parameters and the gut microbiome[J]. Antioxidants, 2023, 12(1):157.
• [4] LóPEZ-JIMéNEZ D, ESPINOSA-CHAURAND L D,MAEDA-MARTíNEZ A N, et al. Combined effect of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen on the survival of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fry during transportation, at different densities and durations[J]. Aquaculture,2024, 580:740283.
• [5]王文雯,杨静茹,付正祎,等.运输时间对高体鰤幼鱼应激、代谢、抗氧化和免疫的影响[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2023, 13(2):25-36.
• [6] DIAS DOS SANTOS B, XAVIER ALVES A, NETTO DOS SANTOS N, et al. Transport stress in bullfrog:Hematological and plasma biochemical responses[J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2021, 19:100583.
• [7] TIAN S H, CHU Q, MA S T, et al. Dietary fiber and its potential role in obesity:a focus on modulating the gut microbiota[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2023, 71(41):14853-14869.
• [8] ZHOU R D, WU G J, QU L T, et al. Effect of starvation on intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in javelin goby(Synechogobius hasta)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2022, 53(1):87-97.
• [9] HAHOR W, TAKAEH S, ESOR N, et al. Postprandial patterns of digestive enzyme activity in male Siamese fighting fish(Betta splendens)[J]. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 2023,47(1):1-10.
• [10]王常安,刘红柏,陆绍霞,等.饥饿和恢复投喂不同时间对西伯利亚鲟消化酶活性的影响[J].水产学杂志, 2020,33(2):35-39.
• [11] ZHENG X, YIN Z, WANG L F, et al. Survival and physiological responses of pearl oyster Pinctada maxima seedlings:Comparative analysis of wet(submerged)and dry(waterless)transportation methods[J]. Aquaculture, 2025, 594:741462.
• [12] CAMPBELL C, KANDALGAONKAR M R, GOLONKA R M, et al. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immunity:impact on inflammation and immunotherapy[J]. Biomedicines, 2023, 11(2):294.
• [13] GASALY N, DE VOS P, HERMOSO M A. Impact of bacterial metabolites on gut barrier function and host immunity:a focus on bacterial metabolism and its relevance for intestinal inflammation[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2021, 12:658354.
• [14] ZUNDLER S, GüNTHER C, KREMER A E, et al. Gut immune cell trafficking:inter-organ communication and immune-mediated inflammation[J]. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology, 2023, 20(1):50-64.
• [15] YANG S W, YU M. Role of goblet cells in intestinal barrier and mucosal immunity[J]. Journal of Inflammation Research, 2021, 14:3171-3183.
• [16] MCCONNELL M J, KOSTALLARI E, IBRAHIM S H, et al. The evolving role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver health and disease[J]. Hepatology, 2023, 78(2):649-669.
• [17] WANG Y Y, NI J J, NIE Z J, et al. Effects of stocking density on growth, serum parameters, antioxidant status,liver and intestine histology and gene expression of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)farmed in the in-pond raceway system[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2020, 51(12):5228-5240.
• [18] GHELICHPOUR M, TAHERI MIRGHAED A, MIRZARGAR S S, et al. Plasma proteins, hepatic enzymes, thyroid hormones and liver histopathology of Cyprinus carpio(Linnaeus, 1758)exposed to an oxadiazin pesticide,indoxacarb[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2017, 48(11):5666-5676.
• [19] LEMOS L S, ANGARICA L M, HAUSER-DAVIS R A, et al.Cortisol as a stress indicator in fish:sampling methods,analytical techniques, and organic pollutant exposure assessments[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023, 20(13):6237.
• [20]李佩,陈见,余登航,等.运输密度和时间对黑尾近红鲌皮质醇、乳酸、糖元含量的影响[J].水生生物学报, 2020,44(2):415-422.
• [21]张云龙,贺亚蒙,袁娟,等.运输过程中水质和鱼类生理指标的变化及运输控制策略[J].水生生物学报, 2018, 42(2):439-450.
• [22]祁雪.密度胁迫对黄颡鱼鱼苗的影响及添加剂辅助运输的应激缓解研究[D].武汉：华中农业大学, 2023:15-16.
• [23]张松鹤,苗素亚.血氨检测影响因素的研究进展[J].世界复合医学, 2022, 8(9):195-198.
• [24]陈旭,左涛,周胜杰,等.尖吻鲈幼鱼运输密度和时长对运输水质及其复苏率和抗氧化能力的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2021,17(2):122-128.
• [25]李丹丹,陈丕茂,朱爱意,等.塑料袋密封充氧运输密度对增殖放流黑鲷成活率的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2018,14(5):36-44.
• [26] ZHANG X J, NIU Y G, ZHANG H Y, et al. The effect of long-term cold acclimation on redox state and antioxidant defense in the high-altitude frog, Nanorana pleskei[J]. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2021, 99:103008.
• [27]崔惟东,冷向军,李小勤,等.虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响[J].水产学报, 2009,33(6):987-995.
• [28] WANG C, LI G Y, CHEN S B, et al. Mitigation of PFOA/PFOS toxicity in zebrafish(Danio rerio)by oxidative stress modulation and gut microbial metabolism through the use of aquatic probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus[J]. Water Cycle, 2024
• [29] ROSA A C, CORSI D, CAVI N, et al. Superoxide dismutase administration:a review of proposed human uses[J]. Molecules, 2021, 26(7):1844.
• [30] HOLMES A M, EMMANS C J, COLEMAN R, etal.Effects of trans portation, transport medium and r e-housing on Xenopus laevis(Daudin)[J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2018, 266:21-28.
• [31] NARAYAN E, HERO J M. Urinary corticosterone responses and haematological stress indicators in the endangered Fijian ground frog(Platymantis vitiana)during transportation and captivity[J]. Australian Journal of Zoology,2011, 59(2):79.
• [32] QIANG J, ZHANG Z W, YU J H, et al. Water quality and physiological response of F1 hybrid seabream(Pagrus major♀×Acanthopagrus schlegelii♂)to transport stress at different densities[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2018, 49(2):767-775.
• [33] VIARENGO A, CANESI L, GARCIA MARTINEZ P, et al. Pro-oxidant processes and antioxidant defence systems in the tissues of the Antarctic scallop(Adamussium colbecki)compared with the Mediterranean scallop(Pecten jacobaeus)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1995, 111(1):119-126.
• [34] CHAMBEL S S, SANTOS-GON?ALVES A, DUARTE T L. The dual role of Nrf2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:regulation of antioxidant defenses and hepatic lipid metabolism[J]. BioMed Research International, 2015,2015:597134.