李忠义,王蕾,王志杨,韩青鹏

• 1:中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所/农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室
• 2:崂山实验室
• 3:烟台大学海洋学院

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】分析核电厂温排水影响水域的渔业资源群落结构特征，解析温排水对渔业资源分布的生态效应，为全面研究温排水对生态系统的影响提供科学依据。【方法】调查海阳核电站15个调查站位表底层海水温度，对温排水影响水域进行温度分区，通过拖网采样和生态适应性分析，剖析增温区游泳生物的种类组成、栖息水层、适温性及资源量，对比增温区群落结构组成差异。【结果】多维尺度分析标序显示，温排水影响水域春季划分为高增温区、中增温区、低增温区等3个增温区，夏季划分为高增温区、中增温区、低增温区和最低增温区等4个增温区；春、夏季分别以中增温区、低增温区生物种类数最多，为40种和41种；两季水温均未超过30℃，各增温区均以底层种和暖温种占优。最高质量渔获率与数量渔获率春季均出现在中增温区，夏季均在高增温区，而最低质量渔获率与数量渔获率均在低增温区，质量渔获率与数量渔获率的两季最大差幅分别为95.50%和63.17%，及103.99%和122.16%，且都以暖温种为主。Wilcoxon检验显示，两季各增温区间质量或数量渔获率均存在显著差异（P<0.05），两季增温区渔获率两两间方差不齐，表明个别增温区存在渔获率极端异常值；春、夏季各增温区底层生物渔获率占比居绝对优势，为83.65%～99.14%，及72.19%～96.71%。相似性分析表明，春季各增温区间种类质量渔获率差异显著（R=0.26,P=0.04），而夏季不显著（R=0.23,P=0.09）；相似性百分比显示，两季区间差异大于区内差异，差异贡献种主要为底层种且种类各异。【结论】海阳核电站温排水影响水域各增温区间渔获率存在显著差异，生物种类数与资源量均以暖温种为主；各适温种分布部分匹配物种对水温变化的生态适应性差异，通常是适温范围两端生物相对遵循温度适应规律，中间生物变动大；各增温区间种类组成差异主要由高资源占比的底层生物驱动。

关键词(KeyWords)： 核电站;温度;群落结构;底层种;暖水种

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202202905)

作者(Author): 李忠义,王蕾,王志杨,韩青鹏

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