魏伟,朱国萍,章超桦,高加龙,曹文红,郑惠娜,秦小明

• 1:广东海洋大学食品科技学院
• 2:广东省水产品加工与安全重点实验室水产品深加工广东普通高等学校重点实验室国家贝类加工技术研发分中心(湛江)

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】分析马氏珠母贝酶解蛋白粉(Enzymolysis protein powder of Pinctada martensii,EPP)营养组成,并探讨EPP改善自然衰老斑马鱼学习记忆能力的功效及其可能的作用机制。【方法】采用国标法测定EPP营养组成。18月龄斑马鱼分模型组和实验组,另取6月龄斑马鱼作对照组,实验组饲喂EPP [3 g/(kg·d)] 30 d,其它组喂食正常饲料,通过T迷宫试验观察各组斑马鱼学习记忆能力,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测鱼脑组织中炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10含量及脑源性神经营养因子(Brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)水平。【结果】EPP含有质量分数78.28%的蛋白质,富含谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸,其钙、铁、锌元素含量较高。与模型组相比,EPP可以显著提高实验组斑马鱼觅食成功率及右臂游动路程占比(P<0.05),降低潜伏期;与模型组相比,EPP可以降低实验组斑马鱼脑组织炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α含量(P<0.05),分别降低了3.18、2.77 pg/mg,同时提高其BDNF的水平(P<0.05),提高了54.99 pg/mg,但对IL-10含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】EPP具有改善自然衰老斑马鱼学习记忆能力的功效,其机制与EPP缓解大脑的炎症状况、提高脑源性神经营养因子水平有关。

关键词(KeyWords)： 马氏珠母贝;酶解蛋白粉;学习记忆;斑马鱼

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家贝类产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-49);; 广东普通高等学校水产品高值化加工与利用创新团队项目(GDOU2016030503);; 海洋贝类营养健康食品关键技术及产业化(GDOU2017052606)

作者(Author): 魏伟,朱国萍,章超桦,高加龙,曹文红,郑惠娜,秦小明

参考文献(References)：

• [1]BROOKMEYER R,JOHNSON E,ZIEGLER-GRAHAMK,et al.Forecasting the global burden of Alzheimer's disease[J].Alzheimer's&Dementia,2007,3(3):186-191.
• [2]FRANCESCHI C,BONAFèM,VALENSIN S,et al.Inflamm-aging:an evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence[J].Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2006,908(1):244-254.
• [3]CALABRESE V,SANTORO A,MONTI D,et al.Aging and Parkinson's Disease:Inflammaging,neuroinflammation and biological remodeling as key factors in pathogenesis[J].Free Radical Biology&Medicine,2018,115:80-91.
• [4]HEPPNER F L,RANSOHOFF R M,BECHER B.Immune attack:the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease[J].Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2015,16(6):358-372.
• [5]DI FILIPPO M,DE CHIASSERINI D,GARDONI F,et al.Effects of central and peripheral inflammation on hippocampal synaptic plasticity[J].Neurobiology of Disease,2013,52(SI):229-236.
• [6]MCGEER P L,SCHULZER M,MCGEER E G.Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease:a review of 17epidemiologic studies[J].Neurology,1996,47(2):425-432.
• [7]章超桦，吴红棉，洪鹏志，等.马氏珠母贝肉的营养成分及其游离氨基酸组成[J].水产学报,2000,24(2):180-184.
• [8]李永华,吴馥梅.珍珠贝肉提取液抗衰作用的动物实验[J].广西科学院学报,2002,18(1):22-25.
• [9]YANG F M,QIN X M,ZHANG T,et al.Evaluation of small molecular polypeptides from the mantle of Pinctada Martensii on promoting skin wound healing in mice[J].Molecules (Basel,Switzerland),2019,24(23):E4231.
• [10]邓志程,张迪,吉宏武,等.马氏珠母贝免疫活性肽的纯化与鉴定[J].广东海洋大学学报,2017,37(4):78-86.
• [11]郑惠娜,章超桦,吉宏武,等.马氏珠母贝高F值寡肽体外抗氧化研究[J].食品与机械,2010,26(6):63-66.
• [12]刘亚,章超桦,杨萍,等.马氏珠母贝肉酶解蛋白和牛磺酸对力竭运动后小鼠大脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响[J].食品科技,2010,35(3):23-25.
• [13]韩丽娜,秦小明,林华娟,等.马氏珠母贝肉的醒酒作用机理初探[J].食品科技,2010,35(10):180-183.
• [14]中华人民共和国卫生部.保健食品检验与评价技术规范（2003年版）[M].北京：中华人民共和国卫生部，2003.
• [15]蒲韵竹.斑马鱼阿尔茨海默病动物模型的建立[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
• [16]许旻,刘淑集,吴靖娜,等.水解牡蛎粉基本成分分析及其辅助降血糖功能的评价[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(7):25-30.
• [17]李婉,曹文红,章超桦,等.牡蛎酶解产物的组成特点及其体外免疫活性[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(16):35-42.
• [18]韦绪芹.牡蛎源生物活性肽组分的制备及其抗氧化和抗炎症活性分析[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.
• [19]ARAKAKI N,NISHIHAMA T,KOHDA A,et al.Regulation of mitochondrial morphology and cell survival by Mitogenin I and mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-General Subjects,2006,1760(9):1364-1372.
• [20]阮波,王瑞,杨远坚,等.从NLRP3炎症小体途径探讨竹节参总皂苷改善自然衰老大鼠认知功能衰退的作用机制[J].中国中药杂志,2019,44(2):344-349.
• [21]SALMINEN A,KAARNIRANTA K,KAUPPINEN A.Inflammaging:disturbed interplay between autophagy and inflammasomes[J].Aging,2012,4(3):166-175.
• [22]KJELLERUP R B,KRAGBALLE K,IVERSEN L,et al.Pro-inflammatory cytokine release in keratinocytes is mediated through the MAPK signal-integrating kinases[J].Experimental Dermatology,2008,17(6):498-504.
• [23]SETHI G,SUNG B,AGGARWAL B B.Nuclear factor-kappa B activation:from bench to bedside[J].Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood,N J),2008,233(1):21-31.
• [24]XIA G H,ZHANG X Y,DONG Z H,et al.Comparative study on the antioxidant activity of peptides from pearl oyster(Pinctada martensii) mantle type V collagen and tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) scale typeⅠcollagen[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2017,16(6):1175-1182.
• [25]孙艳.锌对LPS诱导小胶质细胞炎症反应的抑制作用及机制研究[D].上海:中国人民解放军海军军医大学,2018.
• [26]BETANCOR M B,ALMAIDA-PAGáN P F,HERNáNDEZ A,et al.Effects of dietary fatty acids on mitochondrial phospholipid compositions,oxidative status and mitochondrial gene expression of zebrafish at different ages[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2015,41(5):1187-1204.
• [27]RUHL T,JONAS A,SEIDEL N I,et al.Oxidation and cognitive impairment in the aging zebrafish[J].Gerontology,2015,62(1):47-57.
• [28]JOUANDOT D J,ECHEVARRIA D J,LAMB E A.The utility of the T-maze in assessing learning,memory,and models of neurological disorders in the zebrafish[J].Behaviour,2012,149(10/11/12):1081-1097.
• [29]TIERNEY K B.Behavioural assessments of neurotoxic effects and neurodegeneration in zebrafish[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2011,1812(3):381-389.
• [29]TIERNEY K B.Behavioural assessments of neurotoxic effects and neurodegeneration in zebrafish[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease,2011,1812(3):381-389.
• [30]CALABRESE F,ROSSETTI A C,RACAGNI G,et al.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor:a bridge between inflammation and neuroplasticity[J].Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,2014,8:430.
• [31]AMOR S,PUENTES F,BAKER D,et al.Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases[J].Immunology.2010,129(2):154-169.
• [32]GU M Q,LI Y Y,TANG H T,et al.Endogenous Omega(n)-3 fatty acids in fat-1 mice attenuated depression-like behavior,imbalance between microglial M1 and M2phenotypes,and dysfunction of neurotrophins induced by lipopolysaccharide administration[J].Nutrients,2018,10(10):E1351.
• [33]PRIETO G A,TONG L Q,SMITH E D,et al.TNFαand IL-1βbut not IL-18 suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation directly at the synapse[J].Neurochemical Research,2019,44(1):49-60.
• [34]OLAH M,BIBER K,VINET J,et al.Microglia phenotype diversity[J].CNS&Neurological Disorders Drug Targets,2011,10(1):108-118.
• [35]LAPCHAK P A,ARAUJO D M,HEFTI F.Systemic interleukin-1 beta decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA expression in the rat hippocampal formation[J].Neuroscience,1993,53(2):297-301.
• [36]PANJA D,KENNEY J W,D’ANDREA L,et al.Two-stage translational control of dentate gyrus LTPconsolidation is mediated by sustained BDNF-Trk Bsignaling to MNK[J].Cell Reports,2014,9(4):1430-1445.
• [37]SONG C,LIU B P,ZHANG Y P,et al.Modeling consequences of prolonged strong unpredictable stress in zebrafish:Complex effects on behavior and physiology[J].Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology&Biological Psychiatry,2018,81:384-394.
• [38]MANUEL R,GORISSEN M,STOKKERMANS M,et al.The effects of environmental enrichment and age-related differences on inhibitory avoidance in zebrafish (Danio rerio Hamilton)[J].Zebrafish,2015,12(2):152-165.