黄柳鑫,侯庆华,曲学鹏,孔德明

• 1:广东海洋大学海洋与气象学院/广东省近海海洋变化与灾害预警重点实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

【目的】探索南海深海底层细菌群落结构及其环境影响因子，为南海生态环境监测提供基础数据资料。【方法】利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术和统计学分析[如α多样性分析、β多样性分析和随机森林模型（Random forest analvsis, RF）分析等]，结合溶解氧质量浓度、硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度、温度、盐度、水深参数，对南海北部、东部和西部的6个深海水体及沉积物样本进行综合分析。【结果】细菌群落包括42个门、100个纲、249个目、357个科、542个属和998个种，其中变形菌门（相对丰度占比60.22%）、绿弯菌门（相对丰度占比7.44%）和放线菌门（相对丰度占比6.87%）等为主要优势门类，而γ-变形菌纲（相对丰度占比47.82%）、α-变形菌纲（相对丰度占比22.57%）和酸微菌纲（相对丰度占比5.86%）为优势亚纲。通过距离冗余分析（Distance-based redundancy analysis,db-RDA），发现底层硝酸盐浓度和温度与沉积物细菌群落多样性显著正相关（P <0.05）。随机森林模型分析指出，海洋芽孢杆菌（Bacillus aquimaris）、威尼斯不动杆菌（Acinetobacter venetianus）、阿氏芽孢杆菌（Bacillus aryabhattai）、油田水海杆菌（Marinobacter salsuginis）、噬甲基硝化还原菌（Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens）、新疆假单胞菌（Pseudomonas xinjiangensis）、硒酸芽孢杆菌（Bacillus selenatarsenatis）、嗜碱盐单胞菌（Halomonas alkaliphila）、球孢囊菌（Sphaerisporangium）、马来西亚芽孢杆菌（Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis）等是最重要的10种细菌。Spearman相关性分析表明，马来西亚芽孢杆菌丰度与底层磷酸盐浓度呈负相关关系（P <0.05），与底层盐度、底层溶解氧质量浓度和底层硝酸盐浓度呈正相关关系（P <0.05）。【结论】南海深海水体的深度、底层温度、底层盐度、底层溶解氧质量浓度及底层硝酸盐浓度等因素均会影响细菌群落多样性和丰度。其中，沉积物细菌多样性分别与底层盐度和硝酸盐浓度呈正相关关系，底层水细菌多样性与温度呈正相关关系。马来西亚芽孢杆菌的丰度分别与底层磷酸盐浓度、盐度、溶解氧质量浓度及硝酸盐浓度相关，可作为深海环境监测的有效指示种。

关键词(KeyWords)： 南海;深海;细菌;16S rRNA扩增子测序;环境因子

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划（2018YFA0605601）;; 广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目（060302032101）

作者(Author): 黄柳鑫,侯庆华,曲学鹏,孔德明

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